Which row in the table correctly descriv8b j)goyhcdy z4 122lbes the shape and function of a named pro8)y24yd g 1b c2zjlohvtein?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codin86g.tyb28z9 anmil zvlt*(el uly s 57g for proteins?

  Which of these does no lxibm6+6.n;p y)tp oeq7sdg:t cause mutations?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table.,qlvigyjd . 71

  Which of the following statements is false regardm73v 2xhk k),zo jzd 35kla14qp2oiuh ing translation?

  Which of the following cooob)g4v iahp1xi* 7 qp6+9fngntain peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the geneticc8hh cb6fb3x6 p ue.in:34klb code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide b e fi6rw /n0 n9vwxare;,1o)y5m0mqbronds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sh 24 lt+ucoenq*kt/ y;iows the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statemen ee3wxht h*)+cts are correct for the functions of thehe+xe 3wc*h) tse sites?

  What does the phrase ‘thx-/i( . rfl*dcgt ad;brh2( tj(vs *ede genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of eo 6myh,9r1q dfjd-fk4u9lw 9a dipeptide from two amino aciqe9 6, 4f9wj1l-9dudokh frym ds?

The diagram below represents the process of translatio,w wicjlr nq4e4bfhfni8xb21*cw4 ;6 n.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures fzh;8txex -lbd549 kl are indicated bdezxt ;5xkf-8hl94lb y the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic conuy7 d (kean.8de.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about wryl/ 6::).r:x zn7mbfbk- zg*wplo atranslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNj.u qxy; ,jpyvqufn; e2w *qj9(/1pmxA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of.i l p,w. )fmy8hgzss* three polypeptide chains, each chain containsw mg8*sf,li .s.h)y zp 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the followw:f1no :*eo;vyhzyw.smv 4u 6 ing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in protein syntf f 0on y8:eroiow*az2/ml2n+hesis. 2fmao/y 2e liz0*wo8+ r fnno:

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substi ujhe2j7 r+vcuw5cg1b1 om 7k*tution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is oc 5v*j jc7krbw eug1u2m1 h+7not a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutatikkre) j: 0:k. v-gjwwjon, which of the folg:j -.rjk) wkkwej: 0vlowing could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about.+ ; 2jj85fnte ,r*mpgrng bhv translation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would bind to the p+d rp 3sr.34 w8jwve93ahyequosition labelledevpe3.9 y +r3ajh us q83wrd4w R?

The diagram below sho ;rq8ufnkb1,j )7unh z-hfm+n ws the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcrip -vz 8flq9zaf6gm/(0x wvc e5ntion.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different/7 bmb r)l2ikv numbers of genes characteristic to them. The tablbi)k7m/b2vl re shows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteris+8;0. k;h jyyhy pscmhtics of the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a shorfl5vg xjhx6/-.tff ;yt fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote p2,rsf 2ylwc kuu )4qm0roduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genomc2krqmus4)ufwy2,0l e?