Gravity and Planetary Motion - 无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (5edu.win)

?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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08.19: Kepler’s Second +rmp0j mhqx9 6j6jy -92i5b yn1clzyfLaw about “sweeping out equal areas in equal time” can be derived most directly from which conservation law?65jr9 j9 f1mlnbjyy0 zc 2hp-m6q+ixy

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16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow ef7t85psget l*lliptical orbits with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best5tse8lgt*p f 7 summarized by which one of the following choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to the force of gravi*8p/jy a*zigke f+ pex+mg;f16kkv1b tational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doublejkv8yk zfmp+fie *pgx1g k/6;+* ae1bd and the distance between their centers is doubled?

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95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with ahp-c)f9wk3kf gravitational force of 4.0 N. What w3 f)fp-h k9wckill be the force if the distance between them is doubled?

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14.27: Two spherical, non-*qat+o4 iw3isrotating planets, X andY, have the same uniform density. Planet X has twice the ras4a*tioqw i3 +dius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X and Y, have xkhd ;a *s*4rdthe same uniform density. Planet X hasa;dkhx4*r d*s twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbited by ah,wr*d /ox;shz0,b vg small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetad,bhh*ro z, wg/xsv0;l force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be required in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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99.11: Assume that the Earth attr wcc+v,/pk08f(mynhy acts John Glenn with a gravitational force F at the surface of the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to whc8 ny+fh cw(,v0k y/mpich of the following?

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14.30: Considering only the Moonejll6 6h1a ucmsk4y, (-Earth system (ignore any influence of the Sun), which one of the(mes4clajh,1ky 66 ul following best expresses the magnitude of the Moon’s acceleration about the Earth?

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10#

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02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a cargo for the internationarww2yz,ke*d4 ew; -t,v7iiu nl space station, which of the following graphs would best represent the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth? nw ;w-id,wkv 4u7 tz,iyere 2*

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11#

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99.33: One object at the surlgw8(l;w. ddn;spsa 6face of the Moon experiences the same gravitational for wdl;nws.;s(pdl6 8a gce as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

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00.24 Consider an object tha4y /cg.iz oj xgvtikj52sy.d:e(d- 4m t has a mass, m, and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following wouldicsoj/gvd 45ygxym-ktzdje2 : .i 4(. be closest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical plan qn3e5.-e *7hcxem 3nwvu rss7et has seven times the mass of Earth and twice the radius of Earth. The magnircxu 37vnms h*7-5weseeq .3ntude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half ,l,zqs/rht;zrw,5t l that of Earth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitatqlr ,h/r z;ttwzl, 5s,ional acceleration at the surface of the planet is most nearly

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15#

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08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in k(+b xrdh.4l ra circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitatio+4l rbr h.(xkdnal force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

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16#

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94.34: A hypothetical p1bfb/sh*q b* 4zsp/g clanet orbits a star with mass one-half the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years hpc *bb/fbq1sgs/z *4does it take for the planet to complete one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are put into circular orbit 4mgga.y)16wzvu 0:nulrvqk a59ble; at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass ofqga r9e40ul:lvkgu6w;1.zm na)5vyb satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is the period of satellite 2?

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18#

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15.22 Satellite 1 makes /jg gkx2xa4tp 5(;vkfa circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the following problem, the word “weight” refers to the force a scale/)0 cw5m: oopp xofu*o registers. If the Earth werepw*xufc om o:o)/ 05po to stop rotating, but not change shape,

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

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10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical odfs3*dq(hmdc- ,z0 yorbit around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the sun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true *-d 3 zcyh,0(dfdomqs?

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21#

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17.48: In the binary star system shown, zxb4r nx/fnmqq2c t8,5/n bs6the two stars follow circular orbits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D that is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitatiobxsxq4nc ,6rqn 2b/t/ z 8n5fmnal attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

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06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbi ubq3iohx8:qtzg *l,4tal radius R around a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly o 8xlbgo,iq4u z3: q*thpposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is

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