What property of water helps living organisms maik1cr2 6gb l-e)nywdx0ntain their internal body temperatuey0 wk-gb)2l dn1cxr6re?

  Which of the following is not soluble in waxcdt yh9v:a.cb7h (g- ter?

  What substances are attracm qv fh 3y0n: )1swq0f;gu)bay2 dkx1vted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecu10)yf2av;dm03uwx gyq nbvh )fkqs1: les?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of wa8 0y.dd mka mz/y5z xt53s0h)yv r(ztxter on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the orig:2d *uf9 fktspj1t.udin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is respk z)u-s 8+cf;dt: kwsvonsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal properties z:f)suw+k csvk8- td;?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between watewtgjq8)r4)sp ehn 3zu q s50+er molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the rin ihvo(jm+ubm+x*s2 7q2vcy 0rged seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afly7c2moq2* h vsmiu+v+b rj0(xoat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to g;k/ a3r,zx7z )hce hh.0oe uotransport wateroo).0 zu/h ak7hegze3 xcrh,; inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The 9)pmrbfjjun 0g4vw . nerl:so (;/d d7Go4l:7 suw.d/rf j (pd0 nj onb;m)gerv9ldilocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about .p w: jzknmn/(/x h/qmthe dipolarity of the water molecule are true?qw(n.pkm/zh/nxm :/ j
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for the preskr+q0 w(. oibuence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestriaki.obr+0w( q ul life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matc,vrbiir5 p) ,yvs 6og/hed to its correct definition?i/vr) rsgb 6o,i yv5,p

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. Whain5ju udh++ 0ce*+fu ft property of water is not depicted in the imai h nuefu+u*50f+cj+dge?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerxe g.cc8l5rv7ris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that6k5l;2gr mw5;gw c: tg5qkxzk lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of household detergena9e tl .wezr1(ts on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested ttlr. ewz9ae1(he effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is h3w/*rp dh d7fgr8+ 0h2 e3vvgm.otgznot a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, fmaai* ,jmd1-m .a 6yoshowing the annual rings of phl1d.fya-oijm , a*6 mmaoem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodield5e ::)8 0sr c2) qw ah:atv8jgvseels of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of wal: tselg 8:avqr5vs)j 8de2 h0:wce)ater may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvenucwm)f hz/ fk* 3+rro,t is correct? / fk*f,cm+ru )rwzho3

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-se2mhmi u)/p+v wction of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vesse+mui2)/ hmwv pls are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to our y;j)k*x efqfq hy+90ws, where five planets orbit a central star. ky fx;yej+q9 w0 qhf)*


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how nwgz/y5-jz*(,4 qc; sw vxhwswater has facilitated the evolution of l5/4vwjqx -g, ss;zwzc*yn(hwife on Earth?